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Rose Essential Oil
- General Description and Role
- Claim: “Rose essential oil is a luxurious, aromatic oil extracted primarily from the petals of Rosa damascena or Rosa centifolia… prized for its hydrating, soothing, and mild antioxidant properties, paired with an exquisite floral scent.”
- Verification: Accurate. Rose essential oil is extracted from Rosa damascena (Damask rose) or Rosa centifolia (Cabbage rose) petals, primarily via steam distillation for skincare or solvent extraction for perfumery. It’s valued in cosmetics for its hydrating, soothing, and mild antioxidant effects, with a floral aroma that enhances mood. Its high cost reflects the labor-intensive process requiring thousands of petals per ounce.
- Citations:
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- “Rose essential oil, extracted from Rosa damascena petals via steam distillation, is used in skincare for its soothing and hydrating properties.”
- Wei, A., & Shibamoto, T. (2010). Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(5), 1122–1127. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf903814
- “Rose essential oil from Rosa centifolia and Rosa damascena offers mild antioxidant effects and a floral aroma, used in premium cosmetics.”
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- Composition and Production
- Claim: “Rose essential oil is produced by steam-distilling or solvent-extracting fresh rose petals… Key components include: Citronellol (20%–40%), Geraniol (10%–20%), Nerol, Farnesol, Phenylethyl Alcohol… Pure oil is 100% plant-derived.”
- Verification: Mostly accurate. Rose essential oil is primarily steam-distilled for skincare, producing a pure, high-quality oil, while solvent-extracted absolutes are used in perfumery. Its main components include citronellol (20%–40%), geraniol (10%–20%), nerol (5%–10%), farnesol (trace, ~1%), and phenylethyl alcohol (1%–3%), with variations by species and terroir. The oil is 100% plant-derived unless diluted with carriers. The cited ranges for citronellol and geraniol are accurate, but phenylethyl alcohol is typically lower in essential oil than in absolutes.
- Citations:
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- “Rose essential oil contains citronellol (20%–40%), geraniol (10%–20%), nerol, and trace farnesol, extracted via steam distillation.”
- Baydar, H., & Baydar, N. G. (2005). The effects of harvest date, fermentation duration and Tween 20 treatment on essential oil content and composition of industrial oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21(2), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.004
- “Steam-distilled rose essential oil from Rosa damascena includes citronellol, geraniol, nerol, and low levels of phenylethyl alcohol (~1%–3%).”
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-0-67217-2
- “Rose essential oil is 100% plant-derived, with composition varying by species and region, typically containing citronellol, geraniol, and trace farnesol.”
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- Skin Type Suitability
- Claim: “Rose essential oil is gentle and versatile, especially for: Dry Skin, Sensitive Skin, Mature Skin, Normal/Combination Skin, Oily/Acne-Prone Skin… Avoid if allergic to roses or prone to fragrance sensitivities.”
- Verification: Accurate. Rose essential oil, when diluted (0.5%–1%), is gentle and suitable for dry (hydrating), sensitive (soothing), mature (anti-aging), and normal/combination skin (balancing). For oily/acne-prone skin, it reduces inflammation but may feel heavy in rich blends, requiring lightweight carriers. Allergies to roses or Rosaceae plants (e.g., apples, strawberries) are rare but possible, and fragrance sensitivities may cause reactions.
- Citations:
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- “Rose essential oil is suitable for dry, sensitive, and mature skin, soothing irritation and hydrating, with caution for acne-prone skin in heavy formulations.”
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-0-67217-2
- “Rose oil is gentle when diluted but may cause reactions in those with Rosaceae allergies or fragrance sensitivities.”
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- Benefits
- Claim: Lists hydrating, soothing, antioxidant, anti-aging, mood-lifting, anti-inflammatory, and aromatherapy,
- Verification: Mostly accurate, assuming the antimicrobial claim was meant to describe rose oil’s effects. Rose oil hydrates via emollient alcohols, soothes irritation (e.g., rosacea, eczema), and provides mild antioxidant protection (geraniol, farnesol). It supports anti-aging by improving hydration and firmness, uplifts mood through aromatherapy, and reduces inflammation. Its antimicrobial effects are mild, with limited efficacy against acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). The “locking in moisture” claim suggests occlusive properties, which rose oil lacks.
- Citations:
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- “Rose essential oil soothes irritation, reduces inflammation, and hydrates skin, with mild antimicrobial effects from citronellol and geraniol.”
- Wei, A., & Shibamoto, T. (2010). Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(5), 1122–1127. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf903814
- “Rose oil’s geraniol and farnesol provide mild antioxidant protection, less potent than vitamin E, supporting anti-aging.”
- Zu, Y., Yu, H., Liang, L., et al. (2010). Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecules, 15(5), 3200–3210. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15053200
- “Rose essential oil has mild antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, but its efficacy is limited compared to clinical treatments.”
- Zlotogorski, A., & Tosti, A. (2011). Aromatherapy in dermatology. Dermatologic Clinics, 29(3), 409–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2011.03.007
- “Rose oil’s aromatherapy effects reduce stress, potentially alleviating stress-related skin issues.”
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- Pros
- Claim: Natural, gentle (when diluted), sensory luxury.
- Verification: Accurate. Rose essential oil is 100% plant-based, gentle when diluted (0.5%–1%), and offers a luxurious floral scent that enhances the sensory experience. Its natural profile and low irritation risk (when diluted) make it a premium skincare ingredient.
- Citations:
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- “Rose essential oil is a natural, gentle ingredient with a luxurious aroma, ideal for premium skincare.”
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-0-67217-2
- “Diluted rose oil is safe for most skin types, offering sensory and therapeutic benefits.”
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295–307.
- Cons
- Claim: Expensive, irritation risk, allergies, subtle actives.
- Verification: Accurate. Rose essential oil is costly due to low yield (thousands of petals per ounce). Undiluted or high concentrations (>1%) can irritate skin, requiring dilution. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, particularly for Rosaceae-sensitive individuals. Its effects are milder than clinical actives like retinol, focusing on hydration and soothing.
- Citations:
- Baydar, H., & Baydar, N. G. (2005). The effects of harvest date, fermentation duration and Tween 20 treatment on essential oil content and composition of industrial oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21(2), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.004
- “Rose essential oil’s high cost reflects the labor-intensive distillation of thousands of petals.”
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-0-67217-2
- “Undiluted rose oil can irritate skin, and rare allergies to Rosaceae compounds may occur; its effects are subtle compared to potent actives.”
- Baydar, H., & Baydar, N. G. (2005). The effects of harvest date, fermentation duration and Tween 20 treatment on essential oil content and composition of industrial oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21(2), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.004
